LibGuides: Music Therapy: Citing Sources

APA citation and Style Guides

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by American Psychological Association
Call Number: Reserve: BF76.7 .P83 2020
ISBN: 9781433832161
Publication Date: 2019-10-01
The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is the official source for APA Style.

APA Bias Free Language Guidelines
Writers using APA Style must strive to use language that is free of bias and avoid perpetuating prejudicial beliefs or demeaning attitudes in their writing.

The guidelines for bias-free language contain both general guidelines for writing about people without bias across a range of topics and specific guidelines that address the individual characteristics of age, disability, gender, participation in research, racial and ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality.

Quick examples of APA citation style:

Book:

Dileo, C. (2021). Ethical thinking in music therapy (2nd ed.). Jeffrey Books.

Anthology/Book Collection:
Burkholder, P. J., & Palisca, C. V. (Eds.). (2006). Norton Anthology of Western Music (5th ed., Vol. 1). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

Journal Article from an Online Database:
Takahashi, T. (2006, Winter). Long-term effects of music therapy on elderly with dementia. Journal of Music Therapy, 43(4), 317-333. Retrieved August 16, 2007, from International Index to Music Periodicals database. (00507167)

Audio:
Run-D.M.C. (1986). Walk this way. On Raising hell [CD]. New York: Profile.

Video:
Moretti, E. & Alvi, S. (Producers). (2008). Heavy metal in Baghdad [DVD]. New York: Arts Alliance America.

Website sources:
Powers, A. (2011, August 11). Country’s New Guard Gets Back to Basics. National Public Radio. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/blogs/therecord

Additional Sources and Tools for Citation

Citation Guide
by Stacey Snyder Last Updated Sep 6, 2024 360 views this year

Purdue OWL: APA Formatting and Style Guide
Popular guide for APA. Use the navigation links on the left-hand side of the page.
Simon Fraser: APA Citation Guide
This guide is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed. It provides selected citation examples for common types of sources.

Citation management software is useful for organizing references and creating bibliographies. There are many citation programs available, each with its own strengths. Many are available free or at a small cost including EndNote, Zotero, and Mendeley.

Students may also consider using a free citation generator, if a citation button is hard to find or you'd prefer to look up citations by title or DOI. Popular generators are BibGuru and EasyBib.