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This guide includes sample citations, style guide manuals that can be found in the library, and links to helpful websites. Please contact a librarian for further assistance creating a bibliography or works cited list.

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This guide includes resources to help you with how to cite your sources when writing papers, giving a presentation, or other project that require you to reference other works.

 

Important Terms:

 

Citations: Information about an outside source to give the authors credit. It helps your readers locate the source and avoid plagiarism. A citation can include several elements depending on the format of the source. Some of these include author name(s), dates, publisher information, publication name, page numbers, and any other elements that are important for identifying and locating the source.

 

Citation Style: A particular set of rules for what to include in a citation and how to format it. Popular citation styles include:

 

MLA (Modern Language Association) -- used by the humanities

 

APA (American Psychological Association) -- used in education, psychology, and the sciences

 

Chicago/Turabian -- used in business, history, and the fine arts

Citation Guides

 

Citation Generators

 

Library Database Citation Generators

Some of our database vendors integrate their own citation generators. 

Book:

Kahn, Ashley. Kind of Blue. New York: Da Capo, 2000. Print.

 

Anthology/Book Collection:

Burkholder, Peter J. and Claude V. Palisca, eds. Norton Anthology of Western Music. 5th ed. Vol. 1. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2006. Print.

 

Journal Article from an Online Database:

Takahashi, Takiko. "Long-Term Effects of Music Therapy on Elderly with Moderate/Severe Dementia." Journal of Music Therapy 43.4 (Winter 2006): 317-333. International Index to Music Periodicals. Web. 16 Aug. 2007.

 

Audio

Run-D.M.C. "Walk This Way." Raising Hell. Profile, 1986. CD.

 

Video:

Heavy metal in Baghdad. Dir. Eddy Moretti and Suroosh Alvi. Feat. Acrassicauda. Arts Alliance America, 2008. Film.

 

Website:

Powers, Ann. “Country’s New Guard Gets Back to Basics.” NPR.org. National Public Radio, 11 August, 2011. Web. 17 August 2011.

Book:

Dileo, C. (2021). Ethical thinking in music therapy (2nd ed.). Jeffrey Books.

Anthology/Book Collection:
Burkholder, P. J., & Palisca, C. V. (Eds.). (2006). Norton Anthology of Western Music (5th ed., Vol. 1). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

Journal Article from an Online Database:
Takahashi, T. (2006, Winter). Long-term effects of music therapy on elderly with dementia. Journal of Music Therapy, 43(4), 317-333. Retrieved August 16, 2007, from International Index to Music Periodicals database. (00507167)

Audio:
Run-D.M.C. (1986). Walk this way. On Raising hell [CD]. New York: Profile.

Video:
Moretti, E. & Alvi, S. (Producers). (2008). Heavy metal in Baghdad [DVD]. New York: Arts Alliance America.

Website sources:
Powers, A. (2011, August 11). Country’s New Guard Gets Back to Basics. National Public Radio. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/blogs/therecord

 

Website sources:

APA Citations Style Guide:  Links and instruction on APA style from California State University Stanislaus.

Book:
Kahn, Ashley. Kind of Blue. New York: Da Capo, 2000.

 

Anthology/Book Collection:
Burkholder, J. Peter, and Claude V. Palisca, eds. Norton Anthology of Western Music. 5th ed. Vol. 1. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2006.

 

Journal Article:
Takahashi, Takiko. "Long-Term Effects of Music Therapy on Elderly with Moderate/Severe Dementia." Journal of Music Therapy 43, no. 4 (2006): 317-317-333. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1097403?accountid=8581.

 

Audio:
Run-D.M.C. “Walk this way.” Raising hell. Profile, PCD-1217. Compact disc.

 

Video:
Acrassicauda. Heavy metal in Baghdad, DVD. Directed by Eddy Moretti and Suroosh Alvi. New York: Arts Alliance America, 2008.

 

Website sources:
Powers, Ann. “Country’s New Guard Gets Back to Basics.” National Public Radio, August 11, 2011. http://www.npr.org/blogs/therecord/2011/08/11/139421156/countrys-new-guard-gets-back-to-basics (accessed August 17, 2011)

The following templates and examples for citing musical scores are provided in Chicago/Turabian style, since that's the most common style used for music history writing.

 

1) Published music score - single title (Turabian 17.8.5.3)

 

Bibliography

Author Last Name, Author First Name. Title of score. Publication location: Publisher,
   Date of Publication.

(Ex.)

Handel, G. F. Trio Sonata No. 1. Arranged for 2 alto saxophones by Himie Voxman
   and Richard Hervig. San Antonio, TX: Southern Music, 1989.

 

Notes

1. Author First Name Author Last Name, Title of score (Publication location: Publisher,
   Date of Publication), page nos.

(Ex.)

1. G. F. Handel, Trio Sonata No. 1, arranged for 2 alto saxophones by Himie Voxman
   and Richard Hervig. (San Antonio, TX: Southern Music, 1989), 2-3.  


 

Published music score - collected works (Turabian 17.8.5.3)
 

Bibliography

 Author Last Name, Author First Name. Title of score. Series Title, volume information.
   Publication location: Publisher, Date of Publication.

 

Strayhorn, Billy. Take the "A" Train. Edited by Milton Okun. Great songs...from the Great American songbook.
   New York, NYCherry Mane Music, 2004.

 
Notes

1. Author First Name Author Last Name, Title of Book, Series/Book Titles, volume information 
   (Publication location: Publisher, Date of Publication), page nos.

 

1. Strayhorn, Billy, Take the "A" Train, edited by Milton Okun, Great songs...from the Great American songbook,
   (New York, NYCherry Mane Music, 2004), 56
.

 



Unpublished music score, such as a manuscript (Turabian 17.8.5.3)

 

Bibliography

Not applicable.
 

Notes

1. Author First Name Author Last Name, "Title of score," format, Year, Location.    

 

1. Johann Sebastian Bach, "Cantatas. Selections. Seven cantatas by Bach, once owned by Mendelssohn,"    copyist's manuscript, [1700-1750], Department of Music Manuscripts and Books, Pierpont Morgan Library.  


 
Online music score (actually, not discussed in Turabian, but this is a good method)

 

Bibliography

Author Last Name, Author First Name. Title of score or "Title of score" (as appropriate to title of the
   work) Publication location: Publisher, Date of Publication. Accessed Date. Stable URL or Resource Title.

 

Schubert, Franz. "Erlkönig." Schubert-Album, bd.1. Leipzig: C.F. Peters, 1970. Accessed May 1, 2014. 
   Petrucci Music Library, International Music Score Library Project.

 

Notes

1. Author First Name, Author Last Name, Title of score or "Title of score" (as appropriate to title of the work) 

   (Publication location: Publisher, Date of Publication), accessed Date. URL or Resource Title.

 

1. Franz Schubert, "Erlkönig,"  Schubert-Album, bd.1. (Leipzig: C.F. Peters, 1970), accessed May 1, 2014,             

   http://petrucci.mus.auth.gr/imglnks/usimg/9/93/IMSLP00888-Schubert_-_Erlk__nig_Op1.pdf.
 

Citation managers are helpful research tools for storing and organizing articles, images, and other resources you want to save or cite. Here are a few popular citation managers. Contact a librarian if you would like a consultation on choosing or using a tool.

 

Features of citations managers:

 

- browser plugins that automatically detect resources/citations and saves them to a personal library

- desktop/mobile applications that provide an interface to organize files and some include PDF readers with annotation features

- word processor plugins that enable automatic formatting of in-text citations and bibliographies

- collaboration features to discover and share resources with research groups and colleagues

 

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Zotero

Zotero is a free, open-source research tool that helps you collect, organize, and analyze research and share it in a variety of ways. Zotero interacts with online resources: when it senses you are viewing a book, article, or other object on the web, it can automatically extract and save complete bibliographic references.

Download the desktop app and browser plugin here: https://www.zotero.org/download/ 

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Mendeley

Mendeley is a free reference manager and academic social network that can help you organize your research, collaborate with others online, and discover the latest research.

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EndNote Basic

Free, limited online version of EndNote for basic research and writing.